Monday, September 22, 2008

Gigabit- and Terrabit-Router Questions

Here are a bunch of questions which I don't really know the answer to, but would like to know to understand the next two readings better.
  • What is the maximal and economic switching rate of a current transistor? (it might be cheaper to produce several slower transistors who together have the same computing power)
    Since modern processors run at around 3 Ghz and there are a bunch of transistors in a line to do one clock cycle, I guess the answer is around 30-300 Ghz (which is 1/1000 of the frequency of visible light). This question is a fundamental limit how much information can be processed in a single electrical wire, to process more, you need parallelism.
  • As light passing through a fibre is a electromagnetical wave, it can be (in theory) modulated the same ways radio waves are modulated: amplitude modulation/amplitude-shift key, frequency modulation/frequency-shift key, phase modulation/phase-shift key, (a combination of amplitude and phase modulation), OFDM. Which of these modulations are used in practice?
    I know that through detuning lasers, one could probably archive frequency modulation and demodulate it through a phase-locked or frequency-locked loop, but I guess currently, most systems only use on-off/amplitude modulation on different wavelengths (WDM) because you just switch the laser or some filter in front of it on and off.
  • If electronics can only operate at a certain maximum frequency (see question 1), how can a single fibre transport more information than that?
    I guess the only way, implemented right now, is through WDM.

1 comment:

Randy H. Katz said...

Actually these questions are not difficult if you look them up on the web. For example, terahertz transistors have been demonstrated in the lab in the last year.